What Is Tartaric Acid In Red Wine

When you open a bottle of old red wine, there are some fine particles or crystals in the cork or wine, which is easy to suspect that it has gone bad. In fact, it is tartaric acid, which is a natural acid from grapes. If tartaric acid appears in red wine, it means that the red wine is of good quality.

What is tartaric acid

Tartaric acid exists in many plants, such as grapes, and is also one of the main organic acids in wine. As an antioxidant added to food, it can make food sour. The largest use of tartaric acid is beverage additives. It is also a raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.

The role of tartaric acid

There are three main acids in wine grapes: malic, citric, and tartaric. Most wines will have a sour taste, and this sour taste comes from tartaric acid. During the fermentation process, most of the malic acid will be converted into more mellow and mild lactic acid, while the tartaric acid is relatively stable, which will maintain the pH of the wine and keep the quality of the wine unchanged, but it is usually dissolved in the wine.

However, tartaric acid is easily affected by temperature. When the wine is cooled, tartaric acid will be precipitated from the wine. Therefore, in the long and cold winter, a small amount of tartaric acid will naturally be precipitated, so it is easier to see wines with longer vintages. But even though it is the precipitated tartaric acid crystals, it is actually harmless, just like frozen water, its nature has not changed.

In addition, the higher the quality of the wine, the greater the possibility of tartaric acid crystals appearing. Many low-quality wines will filter out tartaric acid at a stable low temperature, which can reduce the acidity of the wine, but at the same time it will sacrifice the aging ability of the wine and some flavor substances, so the taste will decrease with the reduction of acidity.

The longer the grapes ripen on the vine, the longer it takes to absorb more minerals from the soil, which meet tartaric acid to form tartar. These crystals will not be integrated with the wine, but will settle on the wall of the wine bottle, on the bottom of the bottle, on the cork or earlier in the wine barrel. The shape of tartar crystals is not regular, and sometimes it is a bit sticky

Helping Homes Fight Rainy Days

The rainy weather makes people face a difficult problem of how to prevent moisture, dehumidify and prevent mildew at home. In the case of high humidity, if you do not pay attention to daily household moisture protection, not only the furniture and the ground will be easily damaged, but your health will also be affected.

Wallpaper

Now many families have chosen wallpaper decoration on the walls. High humidity in the air can easily cause the wallpaper to warp. It can be pasted with professional wallpaper glue. In addition, mold will also breed on the wallpaper in rainy days. In this case, wipe the wall with a dry cloth first, and then use a diluted professional wallpaper cleaner to wipe the mildewed wall.

Fabric Furniture

Compared with expensive leather furniture, fabric furniture is also popular among young people, and its fresh rural style and high cost performance occupy a large part of the market. However, if the fabric furniture is exposed to moisture for a long time, discoloration or even yellow spots or mildew spots will occur, and the service life will be greatly reduced.

When using fabric materials, pay attention to dust prevention, because dust is easy to combine with moisture to make the surface of the home moldy. Use a special vacuum cleaner to clean the fabric sofa regularly and use a sofa cover with good water absorption performance to replace and clean it regularly.

The Fabric

If the clothes and quilts are contaminated with moisture, it will not only be uncomfortable to wear, but also cause skin itching, allergies and other problems. Mold is most suitable for growing in a humid environment. Things that have been damp for a long time are prone to mold, so put a few bags of moisture-proof bags in the closet. Dimethyl fumarate is usually used as a moisture-proof bag to prevent corrosion and mildew in products. As a result, it can not only prevent moisture and mildew, but some products also have the effect of preventing insects and adding a pleasant smell.

In the living room, bedroom and study room, you can place some humidity-loving green plants to absorb moisture, but don't place them near the bookshelf, because books are easy to absorb moisture.In fact, there are many natural dehumidification helpers in our life, such as baking soda, soaked tea, washing powder, candles, etc., can exert the energy of moisture-proof and dehumidification.

Reflective Fabric

Reflective fabric, I believe everyone will not be unfamiliar. In daily life, it can be found in reflective jackets, reflective rain gear, reflective raincoats, reflective sportswear, reflective backpacks, reflective gloves, reflective shoes and hats, etc.

The principle of reflective fabric

The reflective fabric itself does not emit light, and it can rely on reflective materials with many glass beads, such as reflective strips and reflective tapes. Careful observation, it is not difficult to find that there are countless dense small particles above the reflective tape, which will fall off when scratched with a fingernail. These tiny particles are called glass beads. Glass beads are applied to the fabric, even though the reflected light is mostly returned to the light source direction in the direction of the incident light. It has a strong fabric base that, when sewn to other fabrics and backings, enhances the wearer's visibility at night or in poor visibility environments.

The advantages of reflective fabrics

Reflective fabrics are not only superior to similar products of other brands in terms of reflection, but also have outstanding aging resistance, abrasion resistance and washing resistance. The reflective fabric can be washed or dry cleaned and won't come off easily. Reflective fabrics are generally used in road traffic safety facilities, sanitation, construction sites, outdoor activities, cycling and other fields related to the safety of life and property. It can reflect the direct light from a distance back to the light-emitting place, and has excellent retro-reflection optical function no matter in day or night, thereby improving the visibility of the wearer at night or in environments with poor vision.

Cleaning of reflective fabrics

This reflective fabric also has many ways to wash, and it is easy to dry after washing. Many companies, especially for special occupations, choose this kind of fabric for company work clothes. Reflective clothing is suitable for a wide range of people. Road traffic police, night police, sanitation workers, construction site workers, the elderly and children, outdoor activities, cyclists, donkey friends, etc. are all suitable for wearing reflective safety clothing.

 

Additives for Beginners in Baking

       Delicate desserts🍥 have become a must-have for everyone's life. Eating desserts can usually stimulate the secretion of dopamine, which can bring a good mood. Many people are not only satisfied with the taste, but also willing to bake by themselves. Therefore, home baking is the future development trend.

The most important thing in baking is the recipe. To make bread🍞, you need to use baking high-gluten flour, not regular flour. High-gluten flour is used for bread, and low-gluten flour is used for cakes and cookies. All-purpose flour is made into pancakes, dumplings, noodles, and steamed buns.

So let's take a look at what additives are commonly used in baking:

①Baking powder, a white powder, can be bought in general supermarkets.

②Soda powder is also a kind of white powder. Its ingredient is sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. It will start to decompose when the temperature is above 65 degrees, and carbon dioxide will be released.

③Cream of tartar, an acidic white powder, the main component is potassium tartrate. When making cakes, it is used to neutralize the alkalinity of egg🥚 whites, help eggs foam and beat, and make cakes whiter.

④Vanilla extract is a pure natural additive that increases the fragrance.

⑤Cake oil is a kind of cake bubble emulsifier, which is mostly used to make sponge cakes, and also used to make some biscuits.

⑥Yeast, pure biological leavening agent.Food grade Sodium acid pyrophosphate is the acidic component of the leavening agent commonly used in the baking industry.In the process of reproduction, the yeast will release a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, thereby achieving the effect of expanding the dough. Moreover, when the yeast is fermented, substances such as alcohol and lactic acid will be produced. These substances will generate esters with aroma at high temperature, so that the baked West Point has a unique flavor and aroma. Yeast is generally necessary to make bread.

These are the most commonly used additives in the baking process, do you know it?👆

 

 

How to Decorate a Christmas Tree with Colored Glass Microspheres

Although many people do not know what glass microspheres are, it cannot be denied that the amount of this product is used. Have we also seen the existence of glass microspheres on some decorative items?

Christmas is getting closer and closer to us. When it comes to Christmas, the first thing that comes to mind is the Christmas tree🎄. Small apples🍎, small bells🔔, small pine cones🎍, small snowflakes, bows, Christmas stockings and other ornaments are all Christmas tree decorations we have seen.

In addition to the above decorations, we will also be attracted by the sparkling stars above some Christmas trees. Yes, that's thanks to the colored glass microspheres. If you decorate with some glass microspheres, it will make the Christmas tree more shiny under the lights at night, giving the tree a more mysterious feeling and adding a festive atmosphere.

Colored glass microspheres can also be used as the exterior decoration of artificial fruits, artificial flowers and other handicrafts, etc. Colored glass microspheres can also effectively improve the self-cleaning, anti-fouling, moisture-proof and other capabilities of roads. Glass beads for road marking can effectively improve the retro-reflection and other properties of road coatings, thereby effectively improving the safety index of drivers driving at night. With the development and progress of society, colored glass microspheres are also constantly improving and updating.

The application of glass microspheres does not stop there. In life, the application of glass microspheres can be seen everywhere. We mainly describe the role it plays in decoration, which is not inferior to other decorative materials.

Acrylamide and its Formation Process

Acrylamide is a white crystalline chemical. It is the raw material for the production of polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide is mainly used for water purification treatment, the pulp processing and coating pipes. Starchy foods are prone to generate acrylamide at high temperature (> 120 ℃) . 

Studies have shown that human body can have access to acrylamide through a variety of ways such as digestive tract, respiratory tract and skin mucous membranes. Drinking water is a very important route. 

In April 2002, the Swedish National Food Administration and Stockholm University researchers first reported the detection of acrylamide in some fried and grilled starchy foods, such as french fries, potato chips and the like. The content exceeds 500 times of the maximum limit allowable in drinking water. Later, Norway, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the United States have also reported similar results.

Acrylamide is mainly formed in the cooking of high-carbohydrate, low-protein plant foods at a temperature above 120℃. 140-180 ℃ is the optimum temperature for the generation of acrylamide. While before food processing, acrylamide can not be detected. At lower processing temperature, the content of acrylamide is relatively low. The water content is also an important factor affecting its formation, especially for baked, fried foods. At the final stage when the water is reduced and the surface temperature is increased, the content of acrylamide is the highest. But coffee is an exception. The main precursors of acrylamide are free aspartic acid (the representative amino acid in potatoes and cereals) and reducing sugars. The two generate Maillard reaction and produce acrylamide. The acrylamide formed in food is relatively stable. But for coffee, the content of acrylamide will be lowered as the storage is prolonged.

Detailed Explanation on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Acrylamide Glue 2

Although the purity of acrylamide produced by biological method is high, in order to facilitate storage and transport, some polymerization inhibitors such as copper ions, phenols are usually added to it.  

Therefore, in the production of glue, you can add ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) to remove copper, iron ions. It can significantly improve the conversion rate and the molecular weight of the polymer.

Many customers have complained about the difficulty to control acrylamide glue reaction after adding the initiator. They have to stare at the reactor ( or system of plastic barrels) all the time. After the glue thickens (usually takes about half an hour ), add cold water to dilute and cool it immediately. If the glue is too thick to stir, it is of no use at all. 

Here, I would like to talk about the ratio between the monomers and water.

  

Seeing from the kinetic equations of the polymerization of acrylamide (AM), we can know that with the increase of the AM monomer concentration, the polymerization rate increases as well.

Acrylamide polymerization reaction is exothermic. As the reaction proceeds, the temperature will gradually rise. The rising temperature will accelerate the reaction.

If the monomer concentration is too high, it is likely to cause local temperature non-uniformity in the viscous liquid, resulting in non-uniform reaction of the glue.

A very important indicator of acrylamide adhesive is the molecular weight of the polymer.

In general , as the monomer concentration increases and the reaction speeds up, the viscosity increases rapidly. The polymerization heat is difficult to promptly dissipate, resulting in the rise of polymerization system temperature and at the same time, the molecular weight of the polymerization product also increases.

Those customers mentioned earlier, since the monomer concentration is too large, leading to the formation of high viscosity concentration gel that requires human to terminate the reaction, or the glue will become sticky candy or jelly and be useless.

However, with the increasing concentration of monomer, the polymerization product will generate a great value. When the monomer concentration exceeds a certain value, the molecular weight of the polymers will decrease.